How to refer to the literature

There are essentially three styles used by journals.

• Name and year system (Harvard system).
• Alphabet and number system.
• Citation order system.

There are many variations of these systems. New systems are evolving, as materials increasingly become available on the Internet. We have provided you with a list of websites where you will be able to find information about international standards for references and where you can find information about the requirements of a range of journals.

You must follow precisely the instructions contained in the guidelines to authors.